For the past
year or so, my son Michael and I have been working our way through the book of
Romans. It has been slow progress. In the beginning our goal was to read one
chapter per week. But it quickly became
obvious to us that by packing so much of the Apostle Paul into a single session
it was impossible to come close to gaining a full and comprehensive
understanding of his theology. As anyone
is well aware who has spent time delving into the Holy Spirit infused mind of
this great Apostle of Jesus, his sentences are long and complex, his thought
patterns are deep and expansive, and his understanding of the gospel of Christ
is second to none. And so, as time went
on Michael and I quickly decided to slow down and take Romans in smaller,
bite-sized chunks. This approach has
sometimes caused us to read a paragraph, sometimes as little as a sentence, and
occasionally even just a partial sentence.
Recently we made it to chapter 12. And although I have certainly read the first
verse of this chapter before, as so often happens with study of God’s word,
this familiar passage exploded in my mind with new understanding, fueled by
additional insight gained from the study of complementary scriptures. The full verse is as follows:
Therefore
I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living
and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service of
worship.
This verse is
densely loaded with truth. To fully
unpack it would be the work of hours. In
lieu of that, there is a single phrase that I want to focus on at this
time. It is the phrase “a living and holy sacrifice”. This phrase is both deceptive in its
appearance and perplexing in its ramifications.
It is deceptive because there is very likely a fundamental variance in
our understanding of the words used here as opposed to what was in Paul’s mind
when he wrote them. And it is perplexing
because when we comprehend the individual words and then assemble them together
into the form used in Romans 12:1 this innocuous little phrase becomes the very
definition of an oxymoron, or a contradiction in terms.
So then, let us set
ourselves to the task of dissecting this text, picking apart the individual
components, and then putting them back together into a whole that pierces
through the clouds of sin fueled thought that threaten to dim our comprehension
and extinguish God’s special revelation.
The first thing we
need to consider is the context of this verse in light of the greater whole of
the book that it’s in. This will help us
to more accurately see the meaning that is being conveyed here. The literary style of Romans is that of a
letter. And it is a towering theological
manifesto from Paul to first the church at Rome, and then to every believer
throughout history. In it Paul leaves no
stone unturned in his explanation and defense of the gospel. In chapter one he greets the church and
clarifies his intent in writing to them.
From chapter one through five we find a detailed description of the
gospel of Jesus Christ; beginning with the complete and utter depravity of all
mankind which establishes our need for salvation, proceeding to our complete
inability to save ourselves as evidenced by Israel’s failure to obey the letter
of the Mosaic Law, and finishing with the only solution to this dilemma which
is justification by faith alone. Having
expended great effort to prove that God alone justifies purely by His own grace
and mercy, Paul then needs to defend himself in chapters 6 to 8 against
potential accusations that he is both ridiculing the Law of God and preaching a
completely works-less gospel that results in Christian weaklings who not only
do nothing to work out their salvation but actually sin more so as to cause the
grace of God to abound all the more. His
defense is made by explaining that it is impossible for true believers to walk
in sin, either through action or through inaction, because if someone has truly
died to sin, as the Lord Jesus did, they can by no means continue in it. The Apostle then proceeds in chapters 9 to 11
to explain to these, mostly Gentile Christians in Rome, how they also have a
part in the promises of God and the inheritance to be received, even though
they are not Jews biologically. He
outlines how the Gentiles have been grafted into the family of God, represented
as a wild olive tree. Finally, having
clarified the believer’s position legally, spiritually, and relationally, Paul
spends chapters 12 to 15 giving them instructions for Christian living. So just as back in chapter one he used the
depravity of mankind to set the tone of the miraculous and purely divine
salvific work that would follow, here in chapter 12 he uses these first two
verses to set the tone of all the nuts and bolts details of living out the
Christian life that he is about to share.
And even more specifically, this first phrase we are going to examine is
what sets the tone of this tone setting passage. As such, it is critically important that we
grasp as fully as possible the import of Paul’s writing here. Because if we miss the mark on this our perception
of the next four chapters will very likely be subtly distorted.
The first thing to
notice is the word therefore. This is
the hinge of the door which separates both the past from the present and future
and the involuntary from the voluntary. All
of the saving and grafting work that has been explained for eleven chapters has
already happened to these Christians in Rome.
That’s all in their past.
Furthermore, they had zero part in all of it. Paul has made it exceedingly clear that
salvation is all of God and none of man.
But now he is going to explain to man what his responsibility is in
living out this gospel he has been saved by on a daily basis. And the trigger point is therefore. Paul says “therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God”. It is precisely because of this purely divine
work that he has been describing that we should now seek to work out the gospel
with every fiber of our being. We owe an
unpayable debt of gratitude to God for the merciful and gracious work He has
performed in us. So therefore, we ought
to now do something about it. And what
is it that Paul urges us to do? He says
we are to “present your bodies a living
and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God”.
And it is in this phrase, rendered in some translations as living
sacrifice that we are presented with a bit of a dilemma.
I believe we in our
modern cultural perspective have a fundamentally different understanding of
sacrifice than Paul did. And if so, such
a variance can cause us to miss the full import of this passage of scripture. So let’s spend a few minutes carefully
examining this word from a biblical context.
According to Merriam Webster there are three definitions of sacrifice,
as follows:
- the act of giving up something that you want to keep especially in order to get or do something else or to help someone
- an act of killing a person or animal in a religious ceremony as an offering to please a god
- a person or animal that is killed in a sacrifice
Now clearly,
definitions two and three are linked in that the one is a verb referring to the
act of sacrificing something in a religious setting while the other is a noun
referring to the thing being sacrificed.
But definition one is completely different. It has the idea more of a pragmatic approach
to sacrifice, in that one gives up a possession so as to accomplish an
objective of acquiring something else, whether that be a material possession or
social recognition. I believe our
typical use of sacrifice in every day modern thought and speech is in the sense
of definition one. When we talk amongst
each other and the issue of making a sacrifice comes up, I believe it rarely if
ever has anything whatsoever to do with either death or God. No, when we talk about sacrifice we are
meaning to give up something we have, whether that be time, money, or possessions. But was that the idea in Paul’s mind when he
wrote this word two millennia ago?
Remember, if you will,
that Paul was a biological Jew. He was,
by his own admission, a “Pharisee of the Pharisees”, meaning that he was as
strict in adhering to the precepts of Judaism as anyone could be. He was trained by Gamaliel himself, one of
the most prominent of the religious leaders of the day. And for Paul, his religion was no mere
charade. He was not putting on a façade
of sanctimonious airs so as to garner the accolades of men. No, the scriptural evidence supports the
notion that his fervor in preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ was only matched
by his fervor in persecuting that same gospel when he was under the
misunderstanding that it dishonored God.
Therefore, just as our cultural world view is shaped by the customs,
laws, and social stigmas of the United States, the Apostle Paul’s cultural
world view was shaped by the customs, laws, and social stigmas of first century
Israel.
From this basis it
would be reasonable to assume that it was the Jewish sacrificial system that
was the imagery that flashed into Paul’s mind as he wrote his letter to
Rome. But in fact, it is not necessary
to rely upon assumptions. The Apostle
gives hints within the letter as to what is in his mind. Romans 3:25, in referencing Christ, says “whom God displayed publicly as a
propitiation in His blood through faith.”
Propitiation refers specifically to the Old Testament practice of
causing the guilt of sin to fall on the head of another. Then an animal sacrifice, now once for all
the Son of God. This is precisely the
same idea found in Leviticus 1:3-4 when the requirements are given for a man
bringing a burnt offering to the tabernacle: If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a
male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting,
that he may be accepted before the LORD.
He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be
accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf.
Having established
this idea of sacrificial atonement and propitiation as what was in Paul’s mind,
we are presented with a problem. Namely,
that sacrifice in a Jewish context always involves death. As Romans 6:23 makes clear “the wages of sin is death”. God requires blood to pay the penalty for
controverting His character, as revealed in His law. But Paul is calling us to offer ourselves as
“living sacrifices”. How can this
be? Sacrifices are, by the very nature
of the purpose they serve, dead. The
idea of a living sacrifice is inherently a contradiction. We might even call it an oxymoron, or a
contradiction in terms. In spite of this
apparent paradox created by the Apostle, it seems likely that he has a meaning
in mind that is free of confusion. It is
our aim to find it.
There are two
complementary interpretations we can draw from the phrase living
sacrifice. In a broad sense we can see
living sacrifice as a reference to the sufficiency of Christ’s atonement. That is, unlike the Mosaic Covenant system in
which animals served as scapegoats and their blood was shed as a covering for
sins which had to be repeated endlessly due to their imperfect nature, now with
the New Covenant Jesus serves as the ultimate perfect scapegoat whose blood is
fully sufficient to cover and atone for all sins infinitely. We can see this idea represented in 1 Peter
3:18: For Christ also died for sins once
for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been
put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit. So one aspect of Paul’s meaning in Romans
12:1 is the contrast between the old and new, the imperfect versus the perfect,
the fact that we no longer are under the penalty of death because of Christ’s
sacrifice. Thus now instead of a single
act of death and shed blood, we are to offer up our entire lives as ongoing
sacrifices. From this angle the term
living sacrifice would be seen as more symbolic in nature because our sacrifice
is no longer serving as a propitiation.
But I believe there is
another level that this concept of living sacrifice operates on. This is a plane of thought that is at once
more narrow in that it drills down to our daily lives yet also more comprehensive
because it leaves no corner of those lives untouched. To draw this out we need to touch down at a
few different points throughout the Old Testament as we march our way forward
in history to the book of Romans and the passage in question today.
There is a theme of
purging evil that runs through the Mosaic Law.
Deuteronomy 17 describes a situation in which an Israelite is found
worshipping false gods. His punishment
is to be put to death by stoning. And in
verse 7 the reason is given: So you shall
purge the evil from your midst. Two
chapters later God warns against a man committing perjury so as to condemn a
fellow Jew on false charges. For this
crime it is decreed that the court shall do to him just as he intended to do to
the man he falsely accused. And again we
find the same underlying reason in verse 19: Thus you shall purge the evil from among you. In chapter 21 we find the same capital
punishment prescribed again, this time for the sin of disobeying one’s parents. And continuing the trend, God stresses the
same purpose of implementing such a harsh penance: so you shall remove the evil from your midst.
What is going on
here? Why is God so adamant about this
idea of completely eliminating corruption from the midst of Israel? If we compare this theme from the Torah with
the Wisdom of Solomon I believe we can see a pattern emerge. Proverbs 23:13-14 says the following: Do not hold back discipline from the child,
although you strike him with the rod, he will not die. You shall strike him with the rod and rescue
his soul from Sheol. The prophet
Habakkuk echoes this thought when, in response to God’s revelation of impending
Babylonian judgment to come against Judah, he says “We will not die” in Habakkuk 1:12.
What did the Biblical writers mean with these sayings?
In 1888 the German
philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche published the book “Twilight of the
Idols”. In this book he wrote the phrase
“what does not kill me makes me stronger”.
The humanistic philosophy intended by Nietzsche is of a rugged
individualism where one’s own strength and veracity is increased by the trials
one endures. It’s a very man centered
idea that seeks to eliminate God from the equation and was in keeping with much
of Nietzsche’s work.
In contrast to this the
biblical philosophy is that the only path to godliness is through the medium of
discipline which serves to cut away the sin which clings to us and causes
corruption and distortion. Think of it
in medical terms. We’ve probably all
heard of Gangrene. It is a deadly
condition that occurs when living tissue dies.
Its danger comes primarily from how quickly it spreads through the body,
leading to life threatening situations in a short time. In the most severe cases the only viable
medical treatment option is to amputate the affected body part so as to halt
the spread of the disease before it reaches healthy tissue. In this way, by cutting away the infection
and accepting the loss of a portion of the body, life is preserved and the
greater part of the body is saved. This
is very similar to how sin impacts us.
It can very accurately be thought of as a disease. In fact, Jesus emphatically links personal
sin with personal sickness. In John
chapter 5 we read the account of the man at the pool of Bethesda who had been
ill and unable to walk for 38 years.
Jesus heals him and he begins to walk.
Later, the Lord finds this man in the temple and gives the following
warning in verse 14: Afterward Jesus
found him in the temple and said to him, “Behold, you have become well; do not
sin anymore, so that nothing worse happens to you.” Now, I think it would be a stretch to take
this encounter and use it to teach that all sickness is always caused by
sin. But undoubtedly there is some
mysterious connection between sin and disease, wickedness and infirmity.
And just as sometimes
an infection needs to be cut away from the rest of the body so as to preserve
physical life, what the Bible teaches regarding sin is that it should be
ruthlessly cut away from the rest of the soul so as to preserve spiritual life. That was exactly the point God was making
with the Israelites. The contamination
of sin, once introduced into and among the people, had to be forcibly
eliminated lest it spread rapidly and bring down the whole assembly. It is a poison that must be removed at all
costs. Consider the words of Christ in
Matthew 5:29-30: If your right eye makes
you stumble, tear it out and throw it from you; for it is better for you to
lose one of the parts of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into
hell. If your right hands makes you stumble,
cut it off and throw it from you; for it is better for you to lose one of the
parts of your body, than for your whole body to go into hell. Jesus was not teaching a literal doctrine of
self-mutilation. He was making a point
that the sin that threatens to ensnare us must be dealt with ruthlessly,
without remorse or compassion. Sin is
your enemy. It seeks to destroy
you. It is the principle weapon of our
enemy, Satan, who seeks to devour you not via supernatural manifestations of
whatever power he possesses, but rather he seeks to wipe you out through the
medium of the sin that you so casually toy with. Bringing this full circle back to the words
of Paul in Romans 6:20-23: For when you
were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. Therefore what benefit were you then deriving
from the things of which you are now ashamed?
For the outcome of those things is death. But now having been freed from sin and enslaved
to God, you derive your benefit, resulting in sanctification, and the outcome,
eternal life. For the wages of sin is
death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. The outcome, the payment due, the paycheck as
it were, of sinning is ultimately death.
Here Paul is talking about someone who has already been saved and set
free from bondage to sin. So in that
sense the death that sin guarantees is no longer applicable to that
person. But the point in light of this
message today is that sin is an enemy that infects, kills, and destroys. Paul continues his theme of the dangers of
sin in the very next chapter. In Romans
7:10-11 he describes the effect sin has upon the holy and righteous law of God:
and this commandment, which was to
result in life, proved to result in death for me; for sin, taking an opportunity
through the commandment, deceived me and through it killed me. The only way to deal with such a threat is
mercilessly. Consider the attitude God
Himself took toward sin in Romans 8:3: For
what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending
His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He
condemned sin in the flesh. Paul
goes on to say in verse 13: For if you
are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are
putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.
This then, is the
answer to our question. What is a living
sacrifice? It is a life lived to the
glory of God that ceaselessly strives to cut out the deadly poison of sin that
is ever present and ever seeking to infect, spread, and destroy. It is a pattern of behavior in which the
deeds of the flesh are constantly being put to death so that this sacrifice of
sin rises into the spiritual air as a pleasing aroma to the nostrils of
God. Just as the ancient Israelites
slaughtered animals and burned their flesh, with the pleasing smell of burning
meat symbolizing the pleasure God enjoyed from His children’s obedience, so our
own slaughtering of the sin that infests us operates in a similar manner. As Paul makes clear in Colossians chapter 3,
we are to “set our minds on the things
above, not on the things that are on earth.” He says we are to “consider the members of our earthly body as dead” to all forms of
sinfulness. And we are to simply “put them aside”. This is not a complicated doctrine. The teaching is clear and the meaning and
application is obvious. Many of you will
remember the slogan from the 1980s designed to encourage people to stay away
from drugs: “Just say no.” It really is
that simple. Just stop playing with your
sin.
The fact of the
matter, Christian, is this. The word of
God makes no bones about the sin that threatens us. Although it has been defanged by the blood of
Christ, it is still an ever present dangerous reality of our lives. It cannot steal away our inheritance in
heaven, but it can and will cause suffering, anxiety, and timidity. It will rob you of the joy and the hope that
you should be exulting in as a child of God and it will cause you to wither on
the vine of the Christian life. By
playing around with sin you will languish as a spiritual baby when you should
be growing into spiritual maturity. It
is insufficient and unacceptable for you, if you claim the name of Christ, to
mollycoddle the sin that tempts you.
Here are a few examples that I thought of. If none of these apply personally to you then
fill in the blanks with one that does:
- · Christian men, if you are at the beach or the pool it is insufficient and completely unacceptable for you to allow your eyes to linger on the bikini clad female bodies that surround you. You guys know exactly what I’m talking about. The temptation to lust passes right in front of you and you can’t help that first glance, but then you permit your eyes to follow and your gaze lingers where it ought not to.
- Christian wives, it is insufficient and completely unacceptable for you to usurp your husband’s God given position of authority in the home. I know sometimes he doesn’t deserve it. That is completely beside the point. His position of authority was not granted to him by you nor was it achieved by his own merit. It was granted by God and as such we humans have no right to try to take it away.
- Christian children and teenagers, it is insufficient and completely unacceptable for you to systematically rebel against your parent’s authority. Realize that it is really not your parents you are rebelling against, but God Himself. He is the one who has established the authority structure of the family. So by resisting your parents, either openly in defiance or behind their backs in a passive aggressive refusal of the heart so submit, you are really shaking your fist in the face of the creator of the universe. And He will not permit the unrighteous to go unpunished forever.
- Christians of all ages, it is insufficient and completely unacceptable for you to permit yourself to become addicted to any vice, whether it be drugs and alcohol, entertainment, work, family, or anything else under the sun. Understand that in so doing you are guilty of exactly the same crime that the ancient Israelites were condemned for when they slashed their bodies in zealous frenzied worship of Baal, they engaged in debauched fornications in adoration of Asherah, and they burned their children to death in homage to Moloch.
The second point of
clarification is the more important of the two.
What I have described so far may seem to be a very works oriented and
self-effort focused message. It would be
easy if I stopped now to walk away thinking I told you to go home and just gut
it out, try really hard, and through a rigorous regimen of self-effort you can
defeat sin and live a triumphant Christian life. So I need to add an additional qualifier onto
this teaching. Because if you do attempt
to achieve success in your sanctification purely through your own effort you
are doomed to failure and depression.
Rather than emerging triumphant you will be shackled into despair and
defeat. This is because the process of
sanctification and the actual day to day living of the Christian life is a
partnership between the believer and the Holy Spirit who indwells them. It is not a solo effort that is accomplished
through the sheer determination of the Christian. Notice in the passage we read a few minutes
ago, Romans 8:13, how Paul chose his wording: but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the
body, you will live. The Apostle was
very careful to qualify the act of putting to death the deeds of the body by
establishing that it is by the Spirit that we accomplish this. He goes on in the next two verses to say: For all who are being led by the Spirit of
God, these are the sons of God. For you
have not received a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you have
received a spirit of adoption as sons by which we cry out, “Abba! Father!” The message is clear. It is by the Spirit of God that we are
enabled to defeat sin.
With that being said,
the obvious question is this. How does
this all work in daily life? How can I balance
these seemingly competing and paradoxical responsibilities between my own
effort and the enablement of the Spirit?
Where does my job end and His begin?
To answer that come with me to two complementary passages from the
Pauline epistles. In 1 Corinthians
9:24-27 we find Paul, as he often did, using the running of a race as a
metaphor for the Christian life: Do you
not know that those who run in a race all run, but only one receives the
prize? Run in such a way that you may
win. Everyone who competes in the games
exercises self-control in all things.
They then do it to receive a perishable wreath, but we an
imperishable. Therefore I run in such a
way, as not without aim; I box in such a way, as not beating the air; but I
discipline my body and make it my slave, so that, after I have preached to
others, I myself will not be disqualified.
And in Philippians 3:12-14 the Apostle adds to our understanding of this
topic: Not that I have already obtained
it or have already become perfect, but I press on so that I may lay hold of
that for which also I was laid hold of by Christ Jesus. Brethren, I do not regard myself as having
laid hold of it yet; but one thing I do: forgetting what lies behind and reaching
forward to what lies ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the
upward call of God in Christ Jesus.
I would sum up these
two passages with one word; mindset.
Paul is not preaching a gospel of salvation through works. But he is preaching a gospel of
sanctification partially through self-control, through discipline, through
mental fortitude. He pictures himself as
an athlete competing in competition. His
life is the race to end all races, because it is run for the glory of God with
a finish line of full conformity to His image. It is competition on a scale that transcends
this mortal coil and extends into eternity.
As such, Paul is absolutely and unequivocally determined to run his race
with every drop of ability in his body.
And then, when he is utterly spent, he is determined to keep going until
he stumbles and falls to the ground from exhaustion, and then he will keep
crawling forward, one agonizing inch at a time, never ceasing his pursuit of
the prize that Christ has called him to.
But he does this at all times with a full and conscious realization of
the enablement of the Holy Spirit that he is totally dependent on. His partnership with the Spirit of God is one
in which Paul exercises as much discipline and self-control over his own body
as he is capable of exerting in an effort to submit to the Spirit without which
he is doomed to abject failure. In fact,
without the Spirit’s presence in his heart Paul won’t even make it off of the
finish line.
Human wisdom would
tell us that these two elements, self-control and Spirit reliance, are mutually
exclusive. Our minds would have us
believe that this is an impossible balancing act and is a bunch of religious
nonsense. Our culture would tell us that
this is yet another evidence that the Bible is not to be trusted by rational, educated,
modern man. But the Word of God tells a
different tale. He doesn’t offer a
convoluted defense to explain Himself away.
He simply states plainly what is.
Consider Romans 6:12-14: Therefore
do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, and
do not go on presenting the members of your body to sin as instruments
of unrighteousness; but present yourselves to God as those alive from the dead,
and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. For sin shall not be master over you, for
you are not under law but under grace.
The simplicity and the audacity here is astounding. God is, in effect, saying sin shall not
master you, so don’t let it master you.
The one is an act of grace. The
other is an act of the will. Both are in
perfect harmony in the mind of God. And
both are absolutely necessary for Christian living. It’s as if God is saying “Yes, the water is
blue. And yes, the water is green.” Our small minds and limited vision would tell
us that both cannot be true. But the
reality is that both colors are present in the water. Some people see more of one than the
other. But an individual’s perception
does not alter the reality of what is.
Again the key is
having the proper mindset. Stop trying
to rationalize some way of making God’s truth fit into a neat pattern that you
are partial to. Just accept it as true
and get on with the task at hand. Get
off the sidelines. Get into the race and
run it like you mean it. Run it as if
you intend to win. Become a “living and
holy sacrifice, acceptable to God” by setting your mind on the things above,
putting to death the deeds of the flesh, and crying out for help to the Father
through the Spirit who indwells you. Cease
the living of your carnal, fleshly life.
It’s time to stop ignoring and disobeying the clear commands of God that
we see unmistakably present in scripture.
No comments:
Post a Comment